amakuru

Uruganda rukunze guhuzwa n '"impumuro ya sulfide" iranga kandi iteye ishozi, mubyukuri iterwa nubushyuhe buke bwa gaze ya sulfhydric, izwi kandi nka hydrogen sulfide. Urwego ruri munsi ya 0.2 ppm ya H2S rumaze kudashimisha abantu kandi kwibanda kuri 20 ppm ntibishoboka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uruganda rushobora guhatirwa guhagarika ibikorwa bya beamhouse cyangwa bigahatirwa kongera gushakisha kure y’ahantu hatuwe.
Nkuko beamhouse na tanning bikunze gukorwa mubikoresho bimwe, impumuro mubyukuri nikibazo gito. Binyuze mu makosa yabantu, buri gihe bigira akaga ko kuvanga aside irike na sulfide irimo beamhouse ireremba no kurekura H2S nyinshi. Kurwego rwa 500 ppm ibyakirwa byamavuta byose birahagarikwa kandi gaze rero, iba itamenyekana kandi igaragazwa niminota 30 bivamo ubuzima bwangiza ubuzima. Hafi ya 5000 ppm (0.5%), uburozi buravugwa kuburyo umwuka umwe uhagije kugirango uhite upfa bidatinze mumasegonda.
Nubwo ibyo bibazo byose hamwe ningaruka zose, sulphide niyo miti yatoranijwe kugirango idacogora mugihe kirenga ikinyejana. Ibi birashobora kwitirirwa ubundi buryo butaboneka bwakoreshwa: ikoreshwa rya sulfide kama ryerekanye ko bishoboka ariko ntiryemewe rwose kubera amafaranga yinyongera arimo. Kudakorwa gusa na proteolytic na keratolytic enzymes byageragejwe inshuro nyinshi ariko kubura guhitamo byari bigoye mubikorwa kugenzura. Imirimo myinshi nayo yashowe mumashanyarazi ya okiside, ariko kugeza uyumunsi iragabanuka cyane mugukoresha kuko biragoye kubona ibisubizo bihamye.

Inzira idahwitse

Covington yabaze umubare ukenewe wa sodium sulphide yo mu rwego rwinganda (60-70%) kugirango gahunda yo gutwika umusatsi ibe 0,6% gusa, ugereranije no guhisha ibiro. Mubikorwa, amafaranga asanzwe akoreshwa mubikorwa byizewe ni menshi cyane, ni ukuvuga 2-3%. Impamvu nyamukuru yabyo nukuba igipimo cyo kudahuza biterwa nubunini bwa sulphide ion (S2-) mukareremba. Amagambo magufi akoreshwa muburyo bwo kubona sulfide nyinshi. Nubwo kugabanya urugero rwa sulphide bigira ingaruka mbi kumisatsi yuzuye mugihe cyemewe.
Urebye neza uburyo igipimo cyo kudahuza biterwa nubunini bwimiti ikoreshwa, biragaragara rwose ko kwibanda cyane bikenewe cyane cyane aho byibasiye inzira runaka. Muburyo bwo gutwika umusatsi, iyi ngingo yibitero ni keratin yumusatsi wumusatsi, wangizwa na sulphide kubera gusenyuka kwikiraro cya cystine.
Muburyo bwiza bwogosha umusatsi, aho keratin irinzwe nintambwe yo gukingira, aho igitero cyibasiye cyane cyane proteine ​​yumusatsi wogosha hydrolysed bitewe gusa nubuzima bwa alkaline cyangwa na enzymes za proteolyique, niba zihari. Ingingo ya kabiri kandi yingirakamaro yibitero ni pre-keratin iri hejuru yumusatsi; irashobora guteshwa agaciro na hydrolysis ya proteolyique hamwe na keratolytike ya sulphide.
Uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwakoreshwa mu kudacogora, ni ngombwa cyane ko izi ngingo z’ibitero zishobora kugerwaho ku buryo bworoshye n’imiti yatunganijwe, bigatuma habaho sulphide nyinshi yo mu gace kayo bikavamo umuvuduko mwinshi wo kutagira umusatsi. Ibi bivuze kandi ko niba byoroshye kubona imiti ikora neza (urugero: lime, sulphide, enzyme nibindi) ahantu h'ingenzi hashobora gutangwa, bizashoboka gukoresha umubare muto cyane wimiti.

Kunywa ni ikintu cyingenzi cyo kudakora neza

Imiti yose ikoreshwa mubikorwa bidahwitse ni amazi ashonga kandi amazi niyo nzira. Amavuta rero ni inzitizi karemano igabanya imikorere yimiti iyo ari yo yose idahwitse. Gukuraho amavuta birashobora kunoza cyane imikorere yimikorere ikurikira. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ishingiro ryo kudahuza neza hamwe no kugabanya cyane imiti yatanzwe bigomba gushyirwaho mu ntambwe yo gushiramo.
Intego ni ugutesha agaciro umusatsi no guhisha hejuru no gukuraho amavuta ya sebaceous. Ku rundi ruhande, umuntu akeneye kwirinda gukuramo amavuta menshi muri rusange, cyane cyane ku nyama, kuko akenshi ntibishoboka ko uyigumana muri emulioni no gusiga amavuta bizaba ibisubizo. Ibi biganisha ku buso bwamavuta aho kuba "bwumye" bwifuzwa, bubangamira imikorere yimikorere idahwitse.
Mugihe guhitamo kuvanaho amavuta mubintu bimwe na bimwe byubatswe byihishe bibagaragariza igitero cyakurikiyeho cyimiti idahwitse, ibindi bice byihishe birashobora kurindwa icyarimwe. Ubunararibonye bwerekana ko gushira mugihe cya alkaline itangwa nisi-alkali ivanze amaherezo bivamo uruhu hamwe no kuzura kwuzuye kumpande ninda n ahantu hashobora gukoreshwa cyane. Kugeza ubu, nta bisobanuro byuzuye bifatika kuri iki kimenyetso cyemejwe neza, ariko imibare yisesengura yerekana ko rwose gushira hamwe na alkaline yisi bivamo gukwirakwiza ibintu bitandukanye byamavuta mu bwihisho ugereranije no gushiramo ivu rya soda.
Mugihe ingaruka zo kwangirika hamwe nivu ya soda ari imwe, ukoresheje alkaline yisi bivamo ibintu byinshi byamavuta mubice byubatswe bya pelt, ni ukuvuga kumpande. Niba ibi biterwa no gukuramo ibinure byatoranijwe mu bindi bice cyangwa no kongera gushira ibintu byamavuta ntibishobora kuvugwa muriki gihe. Impamvu nyayo yaba imeze ite, ingaruka nziza zo kugabanya umusaruro ntizihakana.
Umukozi mushya watoranije gushira akoresha ingaruka zasobanuwe; itanga uburyo bwiza bwambere kugirango umusatsi mwiza-umuzi nogukuraho umusatsi mwiza hamwe na sulphide yagabanijwe, kandi icyarimwe ikomeza ubusugire bwinda ninda.

Enzimatike ya sulphide yo hasi ifasha kudakora

Nyuma yo guhisha byateguwe neza mukunywa, kudahuza bigerwaho neza hamwe nuburyo bukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza poroteyine ya enzymatique hamwe na keratolytike ya sulphide. Nyamara, mugihe cyogukora umusatsi, sulphide itanga irashobora kugabanuka cyane kugeza kurwego rwa 1% gusa ugereranije no guhisha ibiro kumpu nini. Ibi birashobora gukorwa nta guhuzagurika kubyerekeye igipimo ningirakamaro zo kudahuza cyangwa isuku ya pelt. Itangwa ryo hasi naryo ritanga ibisubizo bigabanutse cyane kurwego rwa sulphide mumazi areremba kimwe no kwihisha (bizarekura H2S nkeya mugihe cyo gutoranya no gutoragura!). Ndetse inzira gakondo yo gutwika umusatsi irashobora gukorwa mugihe kimwe cya sulphide.
Usibye ingaruka za keratolytike ya sulphide, hydrolysis ya proteolyique ihora isabwa kugirango idahwitse. Amatara yimisatsi, agizwe na poroteyine, na pre-keratin iri hejuru yacyo igomba kwibasirwa. Ibi bigerwaho na alkalinity kandi birashoboka na enzymes za proteolyique.
Kolagen ikunze kwibasirwa na hydrolysis kuruta keratine, hanyuma nyuma yo kongeramo lime kolagen kavukire ihindurwamo imiti bityo ikarushaho kwiyumva. Byongeye kandi, kubyimba kwa alkaline nabyo bituma pelt ishobora kwangirika kumubiri. Niyo mpamvu rero ari byiza cyane kugaba igitero cya proteolytic kumisatsi na pre-keratin kuri pH yo hepfo mbere yo kongeramo lime.
Ibi birashobora kugerwaho nuburyo bushya bwa proteolytic enzymatique unhairing formulaire ifite ibikorwa byayo byinshi hafi ya pH 10.5. Mubisanzwe pH yuburyo bwo kugabanya hafi 13, ibikorwa biri hasi cyane. Ibi bivuze ko pelt idahura cyane na hydrolytike yangirika iyo iri mumiterere yayo.

Sulphide nkeya, umusatsi muto wa lime inzira itekanye

Umukozi wokunywa urinda uduce twubatswe twihishe hamwe na enzymatique idafite imisemburo idahwitse ikuweho hejuru ya pH itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kubona ubuziranenge hamwe n’ahantu hashoboka hashobora gukoreshwa uruhu. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu nshya idahwitse ituma igabanuka ryinshi rya sulphide, ndetse no muburyo bwo gutwika umusatsi. Ariko inyungu zisumba izindi ziboneka niba zikoreshwa muburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya umusatsi. Ingaruka zifatika zo gushiramo cyane hamwe ningaruka za proteolytike yo guhitamo imisemburo idasanzwe ya enzyme itera kwizerwa kwizerwa cyane nta kibazo cyimisatsi myiza nimizi yimisatsi hamwe no kugira isuku ya pelt.

Sisitemu itezimbere gufungura-kwihisha biganisha ku ruhu rworoshye niba rutishyuwe no kugabanya itangwa rya lime. Ibi, bifatanije no kwerekana umusatsi ukoresheje akayunguruzo, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwinshi.

Umwanzuro

Sulfide nkeya, inzira ya lime hamwe na epidermis nziza, umusatsi-imizi no gukuramo umusatsi mwiza birashoboka hamwe nogutegura neza kwihisha mukunywa. Imfashanyo ihitamo enzymatique irashobora gukoreshwa mugutabogama bitagize ingaruka kubusugire bwingano, inda nimpande.
Uhujije ibicuruzwa byombi, tekinoroji itanga inyungu zikurikira muburyo gakondo bwo gukora:

- kuzamura umutekano
- impumuro mbi cyane
- kugabanya cyane umutwaro kubidukikije - sulphide, azote, COD, sludge
- gutezimbere no gutanga umusaruro ushimishije muburyo bwiza, gukata no kuruhu
- kugabanya imiti, gutunganya no guta imyanda